Food mixer



March 31, 1942. STRAUSS ETAL 2,278,186

FOOD MIXER Filed July 7, 1939 6 Sheets-Sheet 1 frfflj I I 102 March 31, 1942.

H. M. A. STRAUSS ETAL FOOD mxsn Filed July 7, 1939 6 Sheets-Sheet 2 March 1942- .H. M. A. STRAUSS ETAL 2,278,186

FOOD MIXER Fild July '7, 1939 6 Sheets-Sheet 3 III! 0 66 2.54 64 66 Mu -Hill 215072 Z2 j rba Z76 March 31, 1942. H. M. A. STRAUSS ETAL FOOD MIXER 6 Sheets-Sheet 4 Filed July '7, 1939' 0235022 Q %1d af March 31, 1942- H. M. STRAUSS ETAL 2,278,136

FOOD MIXER Filed July 7, 1959 s Sheets- Sheet 5 mmi 1% III,

a; I Illa/Ill! Patented Mar.,3,1, 1942 s PATENT. OFFICE roon mxna Hermann M. Alfred Strauss and Watson D. Harbaugh, Chicago, 111., assignors to A. F. Dormeycr Mtg. 00., a corporation of Illinois Application July 7, 1939, Serial No. 283,2 88\ .18 Claims.

The present invention relates generally to household appliances .and more particularly to foodmixers and food processing devices or the like.

In the present invention certain improvements, new constructions and arrangements of parts are provided; with regar and to the functio performed by the mixer; to

the-speed control mechanism; to the transmission; to the manner in which the power unit is mounted; to theprocessing of fruitas by the.ex-

to the general operation traction of juice; and to certain improvements enabling manufacturing and inventory economies.

object 'of the invention is to provide an improved juice extractor for citrus fruits which removes all the juice and tender pulp iree ofany unpleasant tasting skin oil and rough pulp. Another object of the invention is to provide an improved speedv control for the motor which is I also conqsn'iently managed by the same hand by which the motor is moved from place to place.

, Another object of the'invention is to provide an improved support for the power'unit wherein the power unit may be locked in any one of a number 'of positions above the bowl including one wherein the heaters are lifted high enopgh to clear the bowl without. dripping outside of the bowl, and the whole device can be picked up, by

one hand without need for varying any one of which the power unit is the selective positions in disposed. 4 Another bject of the invention is to provide an improved power transmission wherein large power losses due. to worm 'gearing' at high speed stages is eliminated as in one embodiment of the invention, and all worm gearing is eliminated as in another embodiment of the invention, certain "-new -and improved power transmission relations and economies in production' being also accomplished. Another object of the invention is to provide an improved detachable mounting tor the power unit which eliminates conductive vibration and sound a food mixer wherein allports are concealed from sight and located where there is little chance of foreign matter entering the motor compartment Another object of the invention is to provide an lmproved speed governor for 'iractional horsepower universal motors.

These being among the objects of. the present invention, other and further objects will become. apparent from the drawings herein,jthe description relating thereto, and the appended claims.

Referring now to the drawings:

Fig. 1 is a side elevation, partly cut away, of an electric food mixer 01 the household type embodying the invention with the heaters and bowl in p a Fig. 2 is a section taken upon a verticalplane passing through the. axis of the motor shaft and showing in detail certain I preferred structural chaa'rcter'istics of the power unit;

Fig. 3 is a sectibn 'take'nflupon the line 3-.-3 in Fig. 2; I I

Fig. 4 is a section taken upon the line l4 in Fig. 3;

Fig. 5 is a section taken ;upon the line 5-5 in Fig. 2; v Fig. 6 is a section taken upon line in .of a ioocl priiaessing attachment, the like of whichthe without permitting a freedom 01 movement that would c'ausecontact between moving and stationbowl. k

ers and the contents of the mixing bowl which is selective for four different functions any one of which can' be brought} into operation readily. in a very simple and easily understood way.

Another object of the invention isto provide I amimproved operating'relation between the beat-.-

45 'ary parts such as-the heaters the mixing Fig. '7 ls-a section tairen upon line 1-4 in Fig. 2;.

Fig. 8 is a view similar to the front portion of Fig, 2 illustrating another embodiment of the, transmissionhousing and gears; v Fig. 9 is a section taken upon line 9'9 in Fig.8; Fig. 10 is .a section taken upon line Iii-l0 in Fig. 11 is a' Fig.12 is a section taken upon line 12-42 in side e'levation. of a preferred form wer units is designed to operate.-

Referrin now'to thedrawiiigs'in further'de' tail, a better imderstanding of the description following be had if, as preliminary'thereto,

this noted that theiood mixer 20, illustrating an embodiment of the invention as'shown in' Fig. 1,

. is nade'up of an assembly comprisingapewer unit. II, a base, a standard 23 upon the base with anlntermediate member 24 on top of the standard to support the power unit, a turntable 2| upon the base carrying a bowl 26 with beater elements 21 disposed in the bowl and driven from thepowerunit.

section talgen upon line I l l l in The base 22 and standard 23 are constructed of twoseparate' cast metal pieces pivotally secured together by a horizontally disposed shaft ll.

The base 22 comprises a die-casting provided witha flat top II that is rounded outwardly and downwardly into flanges 32 to which are castintegral lugs 23 that carry rubber feet 34 to support the base above the table top and against slip- D 80.

Upon its forward part the base 22 has cast integral therewith boss 36 in which is formed a socket'which receives, in journalled relation, a shaft 31 supporting the turntable 25 whereby the bowl as may be rotated about its center. The turntable 25 is constructed to receive, in sup ported relationship, bowls of any size which are likely to be used with the mixer.

In addition to the depending border flange 32 the base 22 is provided with a-plurality of crisscross web-like flanges l0 underneath the top for structural rigidity.

Toward the rear of the base the casting is provided with sufficient stock 42 to form an upwardly. and rearwardly extending lug llwhich carries and supports substantially all the weight of the power unit 2|. At this time it might be well to point out that this lug is so positioned that the shaft ill which it receives, provides a horizontal pivotal axis about which the power;

unit may be rotated with the support through an arc of approximately 45 degrees by which the lower ends 13 of the heaters clear the edge 44 of the smallest bowl 4! capable of use with the mixer. The uppermost position of the beaters is indicated in broken lines 46. In addition to this, the shaft 30 lies within the horizontal plane of rotation of the lowermost part of the heaters 21 so that the heaters 21, when moved, come directly upward outof the bowl when the power unit is tilted. This relationship provides a construc tion wherein maximum accessibility may be had to any bowl 28 up the turntable-25 without obstruction by the heaters. 21, yet the heaters 21 will not drip outside of the bowl but will drain back into the bowl as long as the bowl is left upon the turntable;

One of the chief objections to the conve tional food mixers has been the interference oil red by the beaters when the heaters are raised and the power unit is tilted up. In some cases lateral accessibility to the interior of the bowl is hinderedalso.

In addition to the lug 43 the rear portion of the base is'provided with suflicient stock 48 into whiclf'rack teeth. 41 may be cut, as shown in Fig. 1, the rear end portion (not shown) of the base extending far enough rearwardly to prevent tipping of the base when the weight of the power unit 2| is tilted vertically past the center of the shaft 30. I

Before describing the function of the teeth 41 it. would be well to consider first the structural characteristic-of the support 23.

The support 23 comprises a hollow cast metal member 5| having a flared bottom end 5 I- which,

when th power unit is in lowered position, follows the contour of the upper surface 3| of the base 22 as though itwas originally secured thereto average hand. In this way a user subconsciously directed to grip the support'near its center as distinguished from its ends when the unit is to be lifted. This is desired because, in the gripping action, a means is brought into operation which prevents relative movement between the' support and the base while the support is in the grasp of the user. This means comprises a latch'lever l2 pivotally mounted as at 54 to the support with a portion 55 of the lever extending through a vertical slot 56 in the support, and beyond the outer contour at the point where it is most natural to grip the support. This exposed portion of the lever is continuously urged outwardly by a light spring 51 as limited by a stop 6|! at thetop thereof. The lower end ii of the lever is constructed so as to mesh with the teeth 41 when the upper part 55 of the lever is pressed inwardly. The teeth are arranged upon a circle which clears the rear lower edge 52 of the'support as the support The power unit and support are thereby free to tilt back and forth so long as thelever 53 is not pressed but when pressed the lever engages the teeth and prevents relative movement between the support 23 and the base 12m This locking relationship may take place at an? one of the teeth depending upon the degree of tilt. The end ii of the lever 53, in combination with the upper face 64 of each tooth 41, holds the member in engagement so long as there are forces exerted by gravity or otherwise which tend to induce a tilting movementpf the support. In this way not only does the lever 53 operate to rigidity the support relative to the base when the support is lifted,

"unit 2| at a tilt point intermediate the tilt limits when the power unit is tilted vertically past the center bf a shaft 30, i. e., towards the rear of the base 22.

Contact between the front edge 5| of the sup- Port and the base is prevented by a set screw 85 provided with a Bakelite head 66., By adjusting th'e'set screw 65, the clearance between the end 43 of the heaters 21 and the bottom of the bowl 26 or 45 may also be regulated.

As more particularly shown in Fig. 2, the upper portion 51 of the support 23 has a bearing 10 with a double raceway cross-sectionally formed in the shape of a V. The intermediate member 24 is secured upon the top 61 of the support 23 by means of an integral raceway 1| upon the lower face of the intermediateunember conically parallel to the lower part 22 of the raceway upon the support.' A square headed and square by the intermediate member) is '70 shanked bolt 13 extends downwardly on the axis of the raceways mentioned and receives, upon the lower end thereof, a third member in the form of a modified washer H which slips over the lower end 15 of the square shank by which it is supported againstrotation relative to the intermediate member and the bolt. The peripheral edge of the washer provides'a raceway "l6 conically parallel with the upper raceway 11 upon the support. Ball bearings Ill are'disposed between therace'ways and the lower end of the bolt receives upon it a nut and lock washer as sembly 8| which, when tightened, loads the bearing by wedging the balls tightly in place wherefirmly secured upon the support.

Assemblage of the intermediate member 24 and I the support 23 is had with theintermediate memready to recei e the power unit. o

For the support of the power unit upor i the intermediate member; as best shown in/Figswg,

installed, after which a long hex socket wrench can be inserted from the bottom of the support to tighten the bolt in place with sufficient pressure to load the hearing as already mentioned without causing a binding between the moving 5 motor vibration and noise that is inherent in 1 parts. After the intermediate'member is fas-' tened to the top of the support, the lever Ellis installed, after which the support is pivotally secured to thebase by the shaft which is forced horizontally thiough the support. into the lug 10 opposite side of lug. The assemblage is then and 12, the intermediate member is providedwith .vertically and horizontally spaced'trdughs 02 and 83 in the bodystructure-thereof which receive molded pieces of live rubber 04 and 05, respectively. The forward trough 0221s in a transverse direction as the motor housing is wide, as best seen'in Fl 5. The molded piece 84 of live rubber dispose in this trough has bonded therein spaced'metal cups 00 located adjacent each-end of the rubber. The cups lttaper 25 downwardly, as'shown in Fig. 5, and rearwardly I as shown at 01' in Fig. 2. Lugs 00 are cast integral with the motor housing to fit snugly .within the cups 00 whereby at the forward end the power unit is supported entirely upon liverubber with sufilcient space between the marginal edges K 0| of the intermediate member and the motor housing to prevent contact therebetwen during operation of the food mixer.

The trough 03 is provided at the rear end of 35. densation compounds and is preferably secured the intermediate member and receives a molded piece of live rubber 25, as shown in Fig. 1 2,in which is bonded an arcuate bottomed cup 02. Between the vertical sides 03 of the cup a horizontal pin 94 is-supported. For engagement with b the pin 84 the rear end of the power unit hascast therein a hook-likeprojection 05 opening upwardly and rearwardlyto receive the pin so. that when the power unit is brought into enwith an arcuate and rearward movement of the power unit which ends in a lowering ofthe ront end of the power unitjwhereby, the iron lugs [the hook portion 08 in place.

The vertical and horizontal spacingof the :live

rubber supports are such that a plane passing through the three points thus provided pass beand the'beaters 21 at a'point 06 upon the beater shaft closer to-t'ne beatersthan to the transmission housing supporting the heaters. I This, provides a floating support for a power unit which ers in performing their work, which torque or work load isbelow said plane of support.- In this way it is practically impossible to unseat the 'power unit under operating conditions and the the base and again into the support on the the web by bolt assembly I23. tween the center of weight of the power unit 2| 2 its periphery.

' hasproved mounting the table top 30 or even the 4 base 22 cannot serve as a sounding board. The

/ universal type motors is stopped at the live rubher and is not transmitted any further as is the casewithconve tional constructions. Y

The power t 2| preferably comprises three main parts. The rear cover part I00 towhich the, rear end I'0I of the handle I02.is secured as by a flat headed screw I03, the middle portion I04,

in which the stator of the motor I05 is supported;

hereinafter referred to as the transmission housing. The forward end I01 of the handle'is secured to the transmission housing by a con- 'cealed screw IIO. All three of'the housings are preferablyconstructed of die-cast metal-with an almost as long 0 overall contour somewhat bullet-shaped in its design and tapering at the rear.

The handle I02 issprovided for lifting /and managing the power unit'and'when it becomes desirable to remove the power unit from the intermediate mem as when using the power unit to mix food in a con ainer upon a stove, the" engagement between the power unit 2| and the intermediate member 24 is released by raising the unit more at the front end than at the rear 0 and after the front end has been raised toa certain distance the unit may be moved forwardly.

g The handle I02 is preferably constructed of insuiating'material, such as molded phenolic conportions II} which slidably support a stiff piano wire-member 5 which serves asa manual adthe top of the handle at its forward end a slot IIO is provided through which a block I" extends for movement forward and rearwardly along the handle. The portion of the block coricealed within the handle is drilled to receive the rear- 5 control wire Hi to which it is rigidly secured by a set screw I20. The wire is roughened along its lower side to provide jdeterits III where'it passes through the forward one of the webs I I8 to cooperate with a spring finger I22 secured to bent or otherwise'conformed to,prov ide a hook 'I24'whichcontrols one of the contacts of a current interrupting speed governor inside the rear 2 housing J" as will now be described; absorbs torque vibrations developed by the beat- The speed control governor is housed fitting insulating hub I2l .and carrying fan blades I20 integrallycast around Centrifugally responsive -fly weights comprising L-shaped members III 'are mounted at their ends to the-disk .I2l'on brackets I32 secured'to the disk byrivets III. The fly weights are three in number located degrees from each other and the-inner ends I34 of the and, the front cover portion I06 which will be I Fig. 2, is formed justment for the speed control mechanism. On g'agement with theintermediatemember for sup- 45 port thereby the hook is inserted under the pin support incooperation with the of the nywei'ght members ride a slip ring. Ill

made of insulation loosely mounted upon the gs shaft ifl. The slip .Inturn isprovided with other ways :and more .readily lendsitseif a the an inner race I96 of a ball bea I31; the outer race I of which supports a ondring I of insulating material having diametrically opposite radial slots I42 in the face thereof facing mediate its ends the pressure of a spring I which collapses the centrifugal train operating the slip rings to move the contact as far toward the disk I25 as possible. In this particular construction the arrangement of parts and the spring to maintain the operating train in col- .lapsed relationship brings'aboutnew and novel results relative to accuracy in speed control and enables the adjustment of the speed control to be made at the rear end I5I of the motor shaft I26 towards the ball bearing I52 at the front end I53 of the motor shaft. The ball pivot I54 at the rear end I5I is supported by a set screw I55- for this purpose which is threaded axially into the rear end of the rear housing where it is held in place by a locking nut I567 Theother contact I51 of the speed governor is carried by a lever I made of insulating material. This lever is supported upon the insulating member I44 by a bracket I6! with a spring I62 urging the depending arm of the lever away from the contact I41. The upper end I63 of the lever is arcuately formed so' that the contact I51 is displaced according to'*a straight line function'oi the-handle'lfl throughout the major portion of its travel. Upon the opposite side of the insulating member'a second contact I64 is supported and insulated from the first contact. The second contact I64 cooperates with a third lever I65 yieldably urged to engage the second contact I64 but limited in its movement in that direction by stop I66 so that when the handle I I1 is moved the full length of'its forward travel electrical contact between the second contact I64 and the third lever I65 is interrupted but can bereestablishedv with a rearward movement of the handle II1-when upon occasion .it is desirable to startthe motor.

This provides a start andstop switch which is simpl in construction, easy to install and manipulate and which though separate and apart from the'contaets '1 and I51 of the speed governor itself is associated in such a way that a single control may be employed to both start the motor and regulate its speed.

The insulatingplate I44 also Supports the spring I94 (Fig. 2) that urges theself-aligning bearing member I05 .into edge-supported contact with the circular opening I86 provided for that purpose in the'rear housing. Thus the rear end of'the'armature assembly, the power unit and the start and stop control assembly provide a new and novel construction.

At the forward end, in the preferred embodi ment, as illustrated in Fig. 2, the transmission is shown as powered by a left hand helical gear I90 out upon the front end of the armature shaft I53 and constructed'so as to provide a resulting end thrust upon the armature'which holds the armature against the rear adjustment I54 to study the governor assembly during operation of the motor. A bronze bearing ,l9l and upon occasion, if desired, a ball bearing I52 is employed to Journal the front end of the armature in a boss I92 cast integrally with the front wall I93 of the motor housing.

Referring now to Figs. 3 and 4 in conjunction with Fig. 2 the helical gear I90 is located axially in the centerof the transmission. housing. Spaced apart a distance equal to the distance between the beater shafts I94 are journaled two reduction gears I95 mating with and on opposite sides of the helical gear I90. The axes of the reduction gears are located ,a distance above the axis of the helical gear upon the motor shaft enough to permit engagement with the helical gear without touching each other.

Beveled gears I96 are formed separately or integrally with the reduction gears upon the forward side thereof and engage respectively a downwardly faced beveled gear I91a upon the beater shaft H411 and an upwardly facing beveled gear I91bupon the beater shaft I94b.

, The last two mentioned beveled gears, namely, thcse located upon the beater shafts are of a diameter greater than the distance between them.

In the practice of inventory economics the beveled gears I91 are identical in construction, and the reduction gears and their respective beveled gears are also identical in construction. The arrangement wherein the beveled gear I91b faces upwardly and the other one I 91a down- 'Wardly accomplishes a turning of the beater shafts I94a and I942; in opposite directions.

In facing the beveled gears I91 one up and one down they are provided with shanks 200 which operate in conjunction with the upper face 20I of the stock which limits their downward movement to locate their teeth in mesh with the respective beveled gears upon the reduction gears. In this construction the beveled ears I91 can be made of a diameter to provide a greater gear reduction ratio than hereto ioi'e provided, so that betweenereduction gears I95 and the beveled gears I91 a speed reduction of 15 to 1 may be provided. 'Sufllcient room over the top of the gear arrangement is hereby aiior'ded in which to receive'the condensers (not shown) at 202 (Big. 2).

The transmission described is very simple in construction, being made of duplicate parts to accomplish inventory and manufacturing economies and can be readily assembled and brought into operation. Moreover, the space afforded in themotor housing is utilized to the fullest advantage with the load of the motor being distributed in a substantially balanced relation to two driven trains of goals to drive the beaters without any lossof powerwhich has been conventionally encountered in worm gear'drives between the motor and the heaters.

One of the shafts I94, as shown'in Fig. 3, is provided with a worm gear 203 that may be slipped laterally into place before the sleeve shaft I941) supporting the beveled gear I9") is inserted, the stock upporting the sleeve shafts 194 being cut away a 204 for this purpose. This woim drives the centrally located ring gear 295 which is journaled in a washer 206 inserted in a longitudinal bore 201 held inplace by a capscrew (not shown). The shank 2I0 of the ring gear rotates freely in the washer 206 and receives through the inside thereof a power shaft 2II that is toothed as at 2I2 to mesh with teeth upon a beveled gear 2I3 that is slidably mountedior I 2,278,100 forward and rearward movement upon the shaft 2. The ring gear is drilled as "at 2 to re- ',ceive driving pins 2" slidably therein as carriedby the beveled gear 2I3.- Although in some installations the beveled gear may be omitted and the power shaft and ring gear secured together,

we prefer the relationship described wherein the worm drives the ring gear 205- and the ring gear drives the beveled gear 2l3 through the pins H5. The beveled gear 2|3 meshes with the power shaft when moved forwardly and thereby the power shaft, isdrlven from the worm. The power shaft is held against axial displacement by the shoulder 2l6, to prevent the power a shaft from being withdrawn or slipping forwardly from the transmission housing.

Movement of the beveled gear forwardlyand rearwardly is accomplished through a yoke clutch lever 2" (Fig. 3) whose handle is indicated at 22.0 in Fig. 1 with the lever being locked in any one position by the three spaced catches 2' upon the edge of the slot 222 through which the lever extends in the side of the housing to receive the handle.

The rearward catch is the position in which the handle is located when it is desirable to drive the power take-oft" shaft. The middle catch is the neutral position while the forward catch is the position in which the handle islocated when oscillation of the heaters in the bowls is desired, which will now be described,

A beveled gear 223* (Fig. 2) is mounted upon a shaft 224 supported in a sleeve bearing 225 as held in place by a cap screw 226. Theshaft and sleeve are preferably kinserted through the bottom of the transmission housing where they are held in adjustment by an endthrust-ball bearing 22'! andthe escape of lubricant from the transmission housing is prevented b gaskets 228 between the head of the cap sore 226 and shoulder provided upon the transmission hous- In oscillating the power unit so that the beaters move back and forth in the bowl upon an arcuate path, a lever 23!] is pivotally mounted upon a bearing screw 23l where the lower part 23'! carried by a lower and larger stud member 240 which extends through an arcuate slot 2 (Fig. 7) in the floor of the intermediate member 24, and is threaded solidly into the top 61 of the support 23 where'it is held in .place against turning-by a set screw 233. a

The upper arm 236 has an integral, upwardly facing shoulder 242 upon which the rearward end "243 of the arm 233 rests when the slot receives thepin 234 which extends above the shoulder. In this connection, due to the fact that the power unit is removable, and replacement is not always had with care to align the slot and the pin 234, the body portion of the rear end 243 of the arm is widened to fest on the top of the pin 234 until the power unit is Y tate constantly at a given position in a bowl, as when the smaller-bowl 45 is used, the arm 236 is moved rearwardly, and, as provided with an integral knife catch 244 engageable in any one of broken lines.

three or more notches 245 in the floor of the intermediate member 24, the power'unit is held rigidly in its set position. The position of the arm 236 in this instance is indicated at 246 in When upon occasion it is desirable to move the beaters back and forth by haiid free of restraint,

the arm 236 is moved forwardly to 241 where it comes to rest, preferably between stops 250 spaced apart, in the preferred form, a distance greater than is necessary to keep the heaters from contacting thesides of the large bowl 26 This is arranged for so that-the user can press the beaters against the side ofthe bowl upon either side to scrape the sides free of such materials as flour'which clings to the bowl without mixing.

of the motorvhousing is provided with: a thread-Q ed boss 232 to receive the screw. Both ends of the'lever 230 are otted to engage pins 233 and 234 upon the beve ed gear 223 respectively.

Although it is possible to develop an osciland an arm 235,

latory movement by other means such as flexible shafts and direct gearing we prefer to employ the lever shown, because of its simplicity. The

beveled gear 223. when driven by the slidable cated in the front catch of the notches 22l, ro-

- tates. carrying the pin 233 with it in a manner whereby the pin imposes a oscillating" move ment on the arm 230. This oscillating movement of the arm 230 is opposed at the other end of the leyer where the arm 2'35 engages in the slot at that end of the lever. The arm 2351s rigidly fixed relative to the support 23 and serves to force the power unit by the leverage V .beveied gear 2|3 as when the handle 22!] is 10- Because of repeated blowsbetween the arm 236 and the stops25ll in use, a loosening torque force for the stud 240 is created. To avoid this,

tlie pivot pin 23! is located to one side ofthe center of the stud near the stops 250and the stops are located to move very close to the stud.

This minimizes the torque force, and the locking relation afforded by the set screw 239 both prevent loosening. of the stud 246 during use of th machine. More0ver,the stud is provided with sufilcient stock to prevent loosening of the arm 236 at the joint, a spring and detent'25l being providedfto hold the arm in any one of selected positions. g 4

In this way a, very simple device is employed for automatically oscillating the power unit and beaterswhile they are in operation and for controlling them manually during operation or for any given function desired. v

Referring again to the transmission described, it is to be noted that in assembling, it the sleeve shafts I54 are slipped into place from underneath the motor housing where they are held in place. in a new and improved manner .by' gland nuts 255 threaded into a transverse-boss 256 rovided upon the lower wall of a transmission ousing. The sleeve shafts I94 are journalled in bearing sleeves 251 and neednot extend beyond the housing since with the particular vembodiment illustrated there is suflicient room provided for adequate bearing length. without this being neces- 'ld sary. This provides a very neat appearing ;and

readily assembled construction with the gland packing 250 preventing the escape of lubrican from the transmission housing.

After the power shaft 2 and worm wheel assembly 205 is inserted in place, the sleeve shafts I03 are inserted upwardly in place, see Fig. 3. The beveled gears I01 are inserted into the transmission in alignment therewith in the positions described to receive the sleeve shafts in supported relationship and are locked thereto by lock screws 230 shown in Fig. 2 to provide a positive drive. The right hand sleeve shaft receives upon it the worm gear 203 that has been inserted in the opening 204 in the side of the casting stock where it is locked into place by any suitable means such as a set screw 23! to drive it with the sleeve shaft lflb. The beveled gear 2 I 3 is then mounted thereon and the beveled gear 223 is slipped into place. Then the sleeve bearing 225 and shaft 224 are secured in place.

The identical helical and beveled gears I95 and I95 are mounted upon the front wall I93 of the motor housing in bosses 262 and with these in place the transmission housing is slipped into place upon thereduced guide portion 263 of the motorhousing. The bevele the beveled gea I91 upon e beater shafts. In this operation '0 re must be taken to see the beaters .interdigitate properly. Thereafter the two housings are secured together by'screw bolts 2", extending .through the gear housing to be received in threaded bores to support the gear housing upon the motor housing..

With regard to the use that is made of the power take-off the front housing is provided atits lower front end in the preferred embodiment shown in Fig. 2 with a power take-off socket 255 bounded by diametrically opposite portions of cylindrical surfaces 208 connected by parallel flat surfaces 201.

A vertical bore 210 is provided running through the center of the power take-ofl socket near its open end to receive a dowel bolt 2" as more particularly shown in Fig. 2. This bore extends upwardly into the handle portion I01 as at 212 where a compression spring 213 is provided to force the bolt downwardly. For a spaced distance above the socket 255 the bore 210 is narrowly slotted in the form of a key hole slot 214 to open upon the front end of the gear housing.

In addition to the bore and bolt the gear housing is provided withra sliding door 215 operating in vertical parallel grooves 21! disposed upon both sides of the socket. At the top, the door 215 is apertured 211 to receive a winged bolt 200 which is threaded into the top of the bolt. This construction permits the socket 265 to be covered when not in use by the bolt 2" and door 215 being forced downwardly by the spring 213. Then, when upon occasion it is desired to use the socket, the winged bolt 280 is moved manually upwardly against the spring 213 to force the bolt and door upwardly to clear the socket for the reception of-a food working attachment 23l (Fig. 13) therein. Once the food attachment is inserted in place the handle 230 is released and the bolt is urged downwardly to engage in a suitable keeper 232 provided upon the attachment to 'hold the attachment in place againstland in engagement withthe power takeoff shplft 2| l.

The assembly of this construction is had by fastening the handle I02 in place with the screw .0 inserted through an enlarged upper end portion of the slot 214. After this has been done the spring 213 is inserted followed by the bolt 2'" gears-l38 mesh with maximum speed reduction at this stage.

and both are moved to their upper limits. The transverse bore in the bolt is exposed through the enlarged portion of the key hole slot. The door is slippedinto place and the winged screw is threaded through the door into the bolt until two spaced; flats 203 on the screw 200 align themselves with the narrow portion of t e slot. Thereafter the winged screw 280 is released and the door and bolt are ready for operation as already described, thus providing a very simple arrangement for covering and uncovering the power outlet socket 265 and for latching an attachment in place, all at the same time.

Referring now to the modification of the transmission ,as shown in Figs. 8, 9 and 10, a con struction is illustrated wherein allworm gearing has been eliminated.

In this particular embodiment. a beveled gear 300 is mounted upon the end of the motor shaft l53a but is slightly less than the outer diameter of the bearing sleeve 3M so that the gear and the sleeve are withdrawn and assembled together with regard to the housing whenever the armature is removed from or mounted in the housing.

In this particular embodiment two identical beveled gears 302 are employed of a diameter filling the space on each side of the beveled gear 300 between the beveled and the wall 303 of the transmission housing I05. This. provides for This arrangement, however, places the centers of the beveled gears 302 a greater distance apart than the distance between centers 304 of the beater shafts. Although it is possible to employ hypoid gearing for driving the beater shaft, it

is preferred to kant the shafts 305 supporting the gears 302 enough so that the axes of the shafts intersect the respective axes of the'beaters. This kant is shown in Fig. 10 as in a horizontal direction but it will also be appreciated that a similar kant to the shafts could be had vertically also if, upon occasion, it was desired.

Each shaft 305 also carries a pair of small beveled gears 306a and 3062) in front of the larger ones with the bevel tapering in the same direction as the larger gear bevel. The front gear 305!) of each pair engages the beveled gears 301 that are employed to drive the beater shafts and are constructed somewhat similar to the front end of the motor shaft. A sleeve bearing 3 M for each of the shafts is located between the two smaller beveled gears 306a and 30012 and is insertable into place and locked there in any suitable manner when the transmission is assembled. The beveled gear 3060 between the large bevel. gear and the shaft driving bevel gear abuts the large gear 302. to engage upon opposite sides a common beveled gear 3| I which, over a portion of its edge, runs within the confines of the large beveled gears 302 as at 312. In order to prevent scraping between the common beveled gear 3l2 and the large beveled gears 302, the large beveled gearsare hollowed out to clear the common' beveled gear. Thus .in this particular construction the gear trains are driven by a common gear 300 and are also kept in step by a second gear other than the driving gear.

The common gear 3i2- as shown in Fig. 8 is 'mounted upon a shaft -3l3 along with a helical gear 3 of reduced diameter. The helical gear drives a primary power take-off shaft 3l5 above it and a secondary power take-off shaft 3|. below it. The primary power take-off shaft 3|! in this particular construction is driven continuously train whenupon occasion it is desired.

The secoxidary shaft 3!3 through two beveled gears 3llfind 3l8 operates the oscillating device for thesumcieetly similar to that described already in connee ion with Figs. 2, 3 and 4 to be referred to by i' entical numeralsindicating identical parts. A7 ball bearing :20 is inserted between the .sh ft- 3!3 supportingthe common gear 3 H and t e motor shaft !53a to spacethem a predeterined distance so that the set screw arrange ment !55.at the rearend of the armature shaft can be operated in conjunctionwith a set screw arrangement 32! at the front of the common gear shaft 3l3 to locate both the shafts against axial displacement and to tighten the clearances between the beveled gears 300 and 302 when, upon occasion, such is required.

The shafts used in supporting the gears are supported at both the front and the rear end in suitable bosses 322 with suitable end thrust constructions 323 as shown in, Fig, 8 except for the kanted shafts 305 whose rear ends 32.4 are supported by ball bearings 32 engaging a concave face 325 uponexi lug 321 cast integral with the motor housing; These concave surfaces are employed to obviate difllcult assemblies yet provide sufllcient centering support to maintain the shafts 305 against undue cooking and wear.

As inthe case-with the embodiment shown in Figs. 1 and 2 the beveled gears 30! driving the beater shafts are identical but reverselyi mounted to occupy a space upon each side ofthe the stock of the common gear shafting- 3!; in supporting structures.

In this particular embodiment, we do not choose to cover the power take-off socket 330 but merely to provide a latch arrangement 33,! for power attachments which may be inserted in place through the power take-off socket and held by a winged bolt 332 in amanner similar to that described in conjunction with the". embodiment illustrated in Fig. 2, a suitable lug 333 being provided upon the top of the bolt 334 to hold the spring 33 in position against displacement.

With r gard to cooling the motor, the opening 252 out in the rear housing I to receive the govemorcontrol- I and the opening 253 provided to accommodate the arm 236 constitute concealed vertically spaced inlets for air drawninto the power unit by the fan I30. The outlet for the air is at the front end of the motor horas!- ing 104 upon the lower side thereof out of sig t (where a grill 254 is provided. I

In this construction an advantage is had in rapidly cooling the motor even after the motor is stopped. The vertical spacing of the inlet openings-and of the outlet opening 254 and the .top inlet'opening 252 along with the size of the opening made possible by concealing them, provides a means for cqnvectively circulating air over the heated parts, thus providing an improved means for cooling the power unit.

Referring now, to Fig. 13 it is a well known fact that thei'inds of citrus fruitcontgn oils that 'are unpleasant to the taste'and de mental to the juice itself. Many of the convent nal powerdriven extractors ream the fruit at" igh speeds;

speedsin excess of 100 R. I; M.; and in their 1 operation} remove and mix these oils with the juice and the soft pulp. Other extractors are handoperated and constructed to provide a direct power unit which, in construction, 'is' squeeze under a rectilinear movement. With these, much of the desirable soft pulp is not removed. Still others are provided where the fruit is held or twisted by hand while a stationary part types, but i 'very slow and tedious.

In the present invention we provide a simple but-effective construction wherein a reamer, re-

volving at a very slow' speed, makes, preferably,

less than one revolution during the application of mechanical pressure, The apex of the reamer engages the orange half at one side of the center where the pulp is soft, and from there advances into the orange along an are parallel with the nearest side of the orange until the axes ofethe orange and the reamer coincide, at which time the greatest pressure is applied and after which the pressure is rapidly removed to permit the rind to be removed and replaced by a fresh orange half, the power take-off drive being disconnected while the replacement is being made.

The construction by which this is accomplished .in its preferred form, comprises a reamer 340 provided with a cam surface 34.! preferably upon its bottom side, and a female member 342 pivotally mounted for movement toward and away from the reamer about an axis 343 transversev to the axis 344 of the reamer. The inner contour of the female member 342 is approximately the outer contour of a large half orange (not shown) with a slight flaring away from the sides ofithe orange at the edges 345 so that the orange rind is expanded to and often beyond the breaking point at full pressure.

Movement -of the member 342 and relative pressure between the member 342 and the reamer 340 is accomplished by a follower 346 upon the member 342 engaging the cam' 34!. The follower comprises a bead-like roller 34! whose effective leverage increases as it mounts to the inner side 350 of the cam. This leverage arrangement is the most effective for the purposes intended, although a cam separate from the reamer itself may be employed within the teaching of the invention. However, with the cam 34! located as shown upon the back side of the reamer 340 the leverage and pressure constitutes a closed circle which eliminates bearing end-thrust problems generally encountered in conventional squeezers. In the invention shown, the effective pressure circle includes the reamer 340, theorange, the

member 342, the arm 35! supporting'the follower 341, th e cam 34! and back to the reamer again. The pressure exerted is unlimited within the strength of the material, preferably metal, used in the construction of the unit and this pressure does not entail bearing end-thrust upon any of the supporting parts involved. Considering now the construction of the bearings and the coacting parts of the juicer in further detail, the reamer is provided with a shaft 352 mounted in a frame member-353. The frame member 353 is supported in the power take-oil socket 265 described earlier, and when so mounted. is held in place by the snap latch 21!, which holds the end of the shaft 352 in driven engage- "ment with the power take-off shaft 2! I. fI'he frame. 353 also preferably removably supports a juice catch354 and strainer 355-under the juicer.

, This construction eliminates juicer gearing conventionally employed in food mixers and penni the handle I02 tobe secured permanently in place on the power unit 20. The handle can be gracefully fashionedwithout making conventionalallowances for Juicer bowl and other parts upon .the top of the motor or gear housing, and all openings on top of the housing that collect for is such that for'three-quarters of each turn ofthe reamer,'the female member 342 is advanced to full pressure, rapidly at first and gradually slower toward the end, with a quick return to spread position over the remaining fourth of a turn.

The axis 343 of the shaft 360 may be vertical or horizontal or inclined to either. In the drawings we have shown it horizontal so that its correct relation with the other parts can be more readily understood. In actual practice, however,

we prefer to have the shaft within thirty degrees of vertical so that the widest portion of the spread between the member 342 and the reamer 340 is located where an orange can be slipped readily into place and the rind removed, it being understood that this spread need ot be as wide as one would think since the taper of the reamer and the wide arc of the mouth of the member 342 permit an 7 orange half to be slipped into place with little trouble even with close clearances. This compared with rectilinear actions of conventional extractors permits of added advantages in having a short cam throw and extreme pressure within one revolution of'the reamer or drive s aft.

The reamer I40 itself is constructed upon its working surfaceto press against the orange half without dig ng into the pulp as it revolves, yet provides adequate channels for the juice and crushed soft pulp to flow freely from the pressure areas.

To do this, the ribs iii radiate from the apex I". The leading faces 36! of the ribs are inclined, while thetrailing faces 364 break sharply away from the ridge of the ribs preferably at right angles or along radial planes to the leading edges of the leading faces that-follow. The incline squeezes without rending and the trailing faces provide channels permitting the juiceto flow freely from the reamer without further re straint and to carry with it the crushed soft portions of the pulp which give orange juice its half between the members that may take place will be toward the shaft I80. This side of the' member 342 bears the greatest load, so upon the inside of the member 342 particularly upon this side. a circular ridge ,3" is provided. This permits some correction of the position of a mis- Placed orange rind when the rim 365' on the reamer 34l engages the. cut edge of the orange half of strengthening metal is confined to that side where the greatest strain is borne under a short leverage throw and the member is lightened upon the far side where extra pressure upon the member is negligible. The bite of the reamer starting in the orange half and working parallel with that side instead of directly against it makes the load light upon that side. This arrangement also has an inherent advantage in preventing a turning of the orange between the member, since, for the orange to follow the rotation of the reamer, the thickness of the unjulced part of the half orange would have to enter the narrower clearance between the members for any given positionaof the members except when they are fully closed.

Moreover, the constructionof the ribs do not fur-' nish much purchase for turning the oranges, and this, in combination with the wedging inhibition,

Y permit the oranges to turn very little, if any, in

It has inst been indicated "that the area of greatest pressure is on the shaft side of the member. The construction shown permits the member 242 to be lightened measurably. Extra stock the squeezing operation.

In this way, a simple and unusually effective 'citrus fruit juice extractor is provided that is novelin its construction, operation, and the results attained.

Having thus "described our invention, it will be apparent that certain improvements, new constructions and arrangements of parts are provided with regard to the general operation and to the functions'performed by the mixer; to the speed control mechanism; to the transmission; to the manner in which the power unit is mounted; to the processing of fruit as by the extraction of juice; and to certain improvements enabling manufacturing and inventory economies.

Consequently, although we have shown and described certain preferred embodiments of the invention, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various uses, modifications and changes may be made without departing from zontal axis lying substantially in the plane of the bottom ofsaid bowl, means for locking the support relative to the base in a plurality of relative positions, a supporting member ontop of said support for supporting the unit for movement about a normally vertical axis, and means.

moving said supporting member about said vertical axisQw'hen the'unit is moved about said hori zontal axis.

2.'In-a food ,mixer, a horizontally disposed power unit, a support, a beater carried by the power unit, and vibration absorbing resilient means supporting the unit upon the support at spaced points lying in a plane intersecting the beater shaft between the power unit and the work portion of the beater.

3. In a mixing machine, a support, a plurality of bowls, means for supporting any one of the bowls Eroximate said support, a power driven carriag assembly movably mounted upon said support, a heater carried by the carriage, the combination of means for oscillating said carriage automatically in a horizontal plane during operation of the heater in one of said bowls in- I moyement thereof and the the carriage of said oscillation for manual move;- ment and selectively restricting the movements of said carriage between wide and narrow limitsf 4. In a mixing machine, a support, a plurality of bowls, mizgns for supporting any one of the bowls prox ate said support, a power driven carriage assembly movably mounted upon said support, a beater carried by the carriage, the

combination of means for oscillating said carriage ai itomatically during operation of the beater in one of said bowls including manually operatd device for interchangeably coupling the 1 support, a carriage movable upon the support, a

beater carried by the support and operablein any one of said bowls, the combination of means A for varying the position of the beater in any one of the bowls, automatically and manually, including a manually adjustable rigid part upon the support, a driving means operated in conjunction with the beaters engageable relative to the rigid part at jwilland means forengaging said rigid part for locating the beaters in the bowl at a given position.

6. In a mixing machine, a plurality of mixing bowls of different sizes, means for supporting any one of said bowls for rotation about a predetermined axis, a unit movably mounted with regard to the bowl supporting means, a beater carried by said unit locatable in said one of the bowls; the combination of power driven means for driving and oscillating said beater in said bowls through a curvilinear path less than a circle means for arresting said'oscillatory movement at a predetermined point for locating said beater for operation in the smallest of said bowls, and means for tilting the unit to withdraw the beater from the bowl to a point proximate one edge of said ,smallest'bowhsaid' arresting means preventing lateral movement of the beaters when so raised. I r

7. A food mixer comprising a support, a beater supporting and driving vunit detachably mounted upon the support for ready removal,

' means operated by the driving unit for oscillating said unit comprising a rotatable member, a member reciprocably mounted with respect to the unit and a detachable connection between said unit and the support readily engageablewhen ment, and means for varying the position of the beater in the larger of said bowls automatically including a device for disconnecting said varying means for manual movement of the beaters laterally when the unit is moved vertically.

10. In a h usehold mixer having a suppo a power unit an interdigitating'beaters sup rted on and driven from said unit, the combination or means supporting the' power unit for pivotal 10 movement about a vertical-axis to permit movement of thebeaters horizontally, means pivotally mounting the motor for movement about a horizontal axis, transmission means for oscillating the beaters horizontally, and means for engagin and disengaging said transmission to release said power unit for movement of the beaters lateralfy' when the beaters are raised.

11. In a mixing machine, a plurality 01' mixing bowls of diflerent sizes, means for supporting go the smallest of said "bowls, a unit mounted to overhang the bowl supporting means and a beater carried by said unit disposed in said smallest bowl, the combination a: power driven means for driving and oscillating said beater in said bowls gg through a curvilinear path less than a circle, means for arresting said oscillatory movement at' a predetermined point for locating said beater for operation at a fixed point in the smallest oi! said bowls and means for tilting the unit to withdraw the beater from the bowl to a' point above the bowl where material upon the beaters will drip back into the bowl, said arresting means- .holding said beaters at said point'against lateralmovement when the beaters are so raised.

12. In a power device comprising a motor unit including an oscillating'member driven from the motor shaft, a food processing tool. carried by said motor unit, a member mounted pivotally for movement about a predetermined axis, the-com- 40 bination of-a selectively adjustable-means operatively associated with said tool and oscillating member ifor engaging said member in one position for oscillating the power unit about said axis and selectively movable to other positions for 5 optionally locating the power unit at any one of I a number of set positions to restrict and permit freedom of movement to the motor unit between limits.

13. In a. foodmixer, the combination or a horizontally disposed power unit comprising a housing member, a support, a heater carried by the power unit, an interlocking couple and a lug and socket-couple between the housing and support at spaced points, which points are disposed in a the unit is placed upon the support for renderplane intersecting the beater shaft between the ing said reciprocable member eflective.

ii. A, household food mixer comprising a support, a beater supporting and driving unit 'de-.

'tachably mounted upon the support for ready removal, means operated by the driving unit for oscillating said unit comprising a rotatable mem-' her, a member reciprocably mounted with respect to the unit and a detachable connection between;

port, means on the base for supporting a pin-'- rality of bowls ofdifferent sizes and a extending; over said means and ca interdigitating' beaters disposed transversely thereto, the combination of means for pivotally supporting the unit upon the S pport for horizo'ntal movement, means pivotally mounting the support for unit for vertical move- "wer unit f power unit and the work portion of the beater, said lug and socket means including a resilient element disposed in 'power-unitweight bearing relationship, and said interlocking couple includ- 0 ing a vibration absorbing means which disposes the lug and socket in cooperative relationship.

14. In a food mixer, the combination of a horizontally disposed motor housing comprising a central motor.-enclosing portion having a de-' pending lug upon the bottom thereof, a rearward portion having one member of an interlocking couple thereon, a heater carried by the power unit, a support including the other member of said interlockingcouple, means for resiliently supporting one ofisaid interlocking members, and

' resilient means carried by the support cooperatingwith said ing to maintain the interlock oi the couple under operating conditions.

15. In a food mixer, a power unit having a food processing tool detaclfibly connected thereto, a

support comprising a molded elastic body yielding in one direction to bear the weight of the unit in supported relation and yielding in another direction to permit limited lateral movement'o! the tool under working conditions, and means detachably securing the power unit in said supported relation. v

16. In a food mixer, a horizontal power unit having a plurality of heaters detachably connected to it by beater shafts adjacent one end, a support extending along and following the general contour of the power unit over a portion of its length, resilient means for supporting the unit upon the support at spaced points including molded bodies of elastic material whose composite resiliency predetermine relative movement between the unit and support more readily along a line intersecting the beater shafts at a point above the heaters.

17. In a food mixer, a power unit having a plurality of heaters detachably connected to it adjacent one end, a support having a portion dissupport, means tor supporting the unit upon the posed proximate said unit, and molded means made of elastic material disposed between the support and unit in readily disengageable weight bearing relation and constituting the sole mechanical connection between the unit and the support to permit relative movement between.

the unit and support under working onditions.

18. In a food mixer, a power unit member having a food processing tool detachably connected thereto, a support member, means for supporting the unit upon the support comprising an elastic body having rigid inserts embedded therein, lugs on one of the members for detachably engaging said inserts in supported relationship, and means for supporting the elastic body upon the other of said members whereby relative movement and vibration between the unit and support is absorbed by said body, said body being so constructed and arranged as to yield when said beaters are subjected to lateral forces during mixing operations in a. plane parallel to the support.

HERMANN M. ALFRED STRAUSS. WriTSON D. HARBAUGH. 

